Job Hazard Analysis—Not An Unfriendly Term

A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a technique or method used to identify both existing and/or potential hazards associated with a particular job task. A source of danger with the potential for harm, hazards left uncontrolled, especially at a worksite, have the potential to result in injury or illness. The JHA process determines the best way to perform the job task while taking steps to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

A JHA can be performed on any task, but priority should be given to the following factors:

Accident frequency and severity: Jobs where accidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in disabling injuries.

Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: The consequences of an accident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful substance are potentially severe.

Newly established jobs: Due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated.

Modified jobs: New hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures.

Infrequently performed jobs: Workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non-routine jobs, and a JHA provides a means of reviewing hazards.

Jobs where simple human error could lead to severe injury.

Complex tasks that require written instructions.

The JHA should answer the following questions:

• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How could it happen?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it the hazard will occur?

The completed JHA, or a written work procedure based on it, can form the basis for regular contact between supervisors and workers on health and safety. It can serve as a teaching aid for initial job training and as a briefing guide for infrequent jobs. It may be used as a standard for health and safety inspections or observations, and it will assist in completing comprehensive accident investigations.

The analysis process may identify previously undetected hazards and increase the job knowledge of those participating in the development of the JHA. Safety and health awareness will be raised. And, once the analysis published for every worker and supervisor to use, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance of safe work procedures is promoted.

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Safety Poster

March 2004 IBEW Journal